New York State Private Investigator Practice Exam

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Which of the following best describes the role of a Grand Jury?

To determine guilt or innocence of a defendant
To issue formal accusations and indictments against individuals
To defend individuals in a criminal trial
To oversee civil litigation

The correct answer is: To issue formal accusations and indictments against individuals

The role of a Grand Jury is primarily to issue formal accusations and indictments against individuals suspected of committing a crime. A Grand Jury is a group of citizens convened to review evidence presented by a prosecutor. Their function is to determine whether there is enough evidence to formally charge someone with a crime, leading to an indictment. This process is crucial as it serves as a safeguard against unfounded prosecution, ensuring that charges brought against an individual are based on substantial evidence. This differs significantly from the determinations made in a trial, where the focus shifts to establishing guilt or innocence based on the evidence presented in court. Furthermore, the Grand Jury does not participate in defending individuals in criminal trials nor does it oversee civil litigation, which is outside its jurisdiction and purpose. Consequently, the Grand Jury's role is significant in the pre-trial phase of criminal proceedings, marking the transition from investigation to formal charges.