New York State Private Investigator Practice Exam

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What is an indictment?

A formal request for a court hearing
The accusation by a Grand Jury charging a person with a crime
A defense strategy presented in court
The sentencing of a convicted individual

The correct answer is: The accusation by a Grand Jury charging a person with a crime

An indictment refers to a formal accusation that a Grand Jury makes against a person, charging them with committing a crime. This process typically occurs in the criminal justice system, where the Grand Jury reviews evidence presented by a prosecutor and determines whether there is sufficient cause to formally charge an individual. This action serves as an essential part of the legal procedure, ensuring that serious criminal cases can proceed to trial. The other options delineate distinct legal concepts. A formal request for a court hearing does not constitute an indictment; rather, it pertains to motions or petitions made by parties involved in a legal matter. A defense strategy presented in court is unrelated to the concept of indictment, as it refers to the tactics employed by a defendant's legal team during a trial to counter the prosecution's case. Lastly, the sentencing of a convicted individual follows a successful prosecution and is a separate step that occurs only after a conviction has been established, not during the indictment phase.